# Enforcement and Accountability in International Law

62 Va. J. Int’l L. 271 (2022) ♦ Article

Outsourcing Enforcement

International organizations often outsource the enforcement of international law to their member states. The International Labor Organization (ILO), for instance, has neither its own adjudicative body nor an internal system of sanctions…

DESIRÉE LECLERCQ

61 Va. J. Int’l L. 221 (2021) ♦ Article

Prosecuting Foreign States

In recent years, the Department of Justice has shown increased interest in prosecuting entities associated with foreign states for activities including cybercrime, economic espionage, and sanctions violations. It has also sought third-party evidence from…

CHIMÈNE I. KEITNER

57 Va. J. Int’l L. 221 (2018) ♦ Article

Building Multilateral Anticorruption Enforcement: Analogies between International Trade & Anti-Bribery Law

In the last twenty years, the United States government has put substantial resources behind the fight against foreign bribery by using the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) to prosecute unilaterally foreign and domestic companies who engage in corruption abroad…

RACHEL BREWSTER & CHRISTINE DRYDEN

62 Va. J. Int’l L. 235 (2021) ♦ Note

Holding Peacekeepers Accountable: Haiti and Cholera

Accountability for humanitarian actors is a challenging space in international law. Although the different bodies of law states have developed address various actors in various settings, gaps persist. A particularly challenging group to regulate, humanitarian actors often…

ABBY OAKLAND

60 Va. J. Int’l L. 433 (2020) ♦ Article

State Immunity as a Tool of Foreign Policy: The Unanswered Question of Certain Iranian Assets

The Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act contains a number of “exceptions” to state immunity that are unique to the U.S. legal system. This issue came before the International Court of Justice in Certain Iranian Assets, where Iran submitted that non-recognition of its…

DANIEL FRANCHINI