# International Trade

64 Va. J. Int’l L. 523 (2024) ♦ Article

All Necessary Measures: Climate Law for International Shipping

International shipping is one of the largest sources of climate pollution. The conventional view is that, despite some ambiguities in the climate treaties, international law only requires states to implement global rules adopted by the International Maritime Organization.

BAINE P. KERR

63 Va. J. Int’l L. 165 (2023) ♦ Article

When Decarbonization Meets Industrialization: The First WTO Dispute Between the EU and U.K.

In March 2022, the European Union challenged the United Kingdom’s Contracts for Difference (CfD) scheme at the World Trade Organization (WTO). This case— United Kingdom – Measures Relating to the Allocation of Contracts for Difference in Low Carbon…

MANDY MENG FANG

62 Va. J. Int’l L. 315 (2022) ♦ Article

Trade’s Mini-Deals

The modern consensus is that U.S. trade law is made through statute and through large congressional-executive agreements, both of which maintain Congress’ constitutional primacy over the regulation of foreign commerce. Contrary to this understanding…

KATHLEEN CLAUSSEN

62 Va. J. Int’l L. Online 1 (2021) ♦ Online

The Recovery of the City of London's Competitive Advantage in Global Capital Markets: Renouncing Inherited EU Law to Restore English Common Law

In the aftermath of Brexit, British Prime Minister Boris Johnson and the ruling Conservative Party have formulated an ambitious political agenda called “Global Britain,” which calls for making the City of London the world's most competitive global financial services…

BEPI PEZZULLI AND RAFFAELLA TENCONI

59 Va. J. Int’l L. 1 (2019) ♦ Article

E-Commerce Transactions and Country  of Origin Marking for Imported  Products: A Gap Between Statutory Purpose and Legal Requirements

With some exceptions, items imported into the United States from abroad have been required to bear a marking indicating their country of origin since the passage of the Tariff Act of 1890. Identification of a product’s country of origin serves several purposes…

CHRISTINE ABELY

62 Va. J. Int’l L. 463 (2022) ♦ Note

U.S. Sanctions Policy on Trial: The Alleged Violations Litigation and Opportunities for Other States to Follow This Strategy

The Alleged Violations litigation has haled an unwilling United States before the ICJ and has forced it to defend its economic sanctions policies before the international court. The stakes of this case are extremely high, as the United States could face an adverse judgment…

JAMES R. HARPER

62 Va. J. Int’l L. Online 1 (2021) ♦ Online

WTO Waiver from Intellectual Property Protection for COVID-19 Vaccines and Treatments: A Critical Review

In view of the increasing concern over global efforts to ensure equitable access to affordable COVID-19 vaccines, India and South Africa presented a proposal to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in October 2020 seeking a waiver of intellectual property rights…

BRYAN MERCURIO

58 Va. J. Int’l L. 309 (2019) ♦ Article

Tackling Fossil Fuel Subsidies Through International Trade Agreements: Taking Stock, Looking Forward

Fossil fuel subsidies undercut the international community’s Sustainable Development Goals and climate change objectives in many ways. Estimated at several hundred billion dollars per year, such subsidies also affect fossil fuel prices, and can therefore have…

CLEO VERKUIJL, HARRO VAN ASSELT, TOM MOERENHOUT, LIESBETH CASIER, & PETER WOODERS